• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The device (10) associates first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16) with a transmitting / receiving means (12) having a substantially planar radiating element (22) having a central point (C). Each transmitting / receiving module is a transmitting / receiving module coupled to the transmitting / receiving means so as to excite a pair of excitation points (P1, P2; P3, P4) of the radiating element. excitation points of a pair being arranged symmetrically with respect to the central point of the radiating element. The first and second transmission / reception modules respectively excite a first pair of excitation points arranged in a first direction (D1) of the radiating element and a second pair of excitation points arranged in a second direction (D2). of the radiating element, the first and second directions being orthogonal to each other.
    公开号:FR3039726A1
    申请号:FR1501644
    申请日:2015-07-31
    公开日:2017-02-03
    发明作者:Vincent Petit；Bruno Louis；Christian Renard；Laurent Fedorowicz
    申请人:Thales SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TRANSMITTING / RECEIVING DEVICE AND ANTENNA THEREFOR
    The subject of the present invention is that of transmitting / receiving devices for antennas, in particular transmission / reception devices capable of operating in the microwave domain and with compatible power levels of radar applications or electronic wars.
    In a manner known per se, a radar antenna is constituted by a matrix of transmitting / receiving means (or elementary antennas) comprising substantially planar radiating elements. Each radiating element is associated with a transmission / reception module (or T / R module for "transmission / reception module" in English). The transmitting / receiving module is disposed in the volume located just behind the transmitting / receiving means. In transmission, the transmission / reception module amplifies an excitation signal, preferably a microwave signal, received from a remote signal generation electronics and applies the amplified excitation signal to the transmitting / receiving means. In reception, the transmission / reception module amplifies a reception signal received from the transmitting / receiving means and transmits the amplified reception signal to a remote acquisition electronics.
    In the present document, the association of a transmission / reception means and a transmission / reception module is called a transmission / reception device.
    In radar or electronic warfare applications, there is a need to work with large powers, both in transmission and reception.
    However, the accessible powers are limited by the properties of the technologies implemented for the realization of the transmission / reception module. The technologies MMIC (for "Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit" in English, or monolithic microwave integrated circuit) conventionally implemented are characterized by maximum acceptable powers, beyond which it would be desirable to be able to work for the applications mentioned above. The invention therefore aims to overcome this problem. The subject of the invention is a transmission / reception device associating first and second transmission / reception modules with a transmission / reception means comprising a substantially planar radiating element and comprising a central point, each transmission module. receiving being a transmitting / receiving module coupled to the transmitting / receiving means for exciting a pair of excitation points of the radiating element, the excitation points of a pair being arranged symmetrically with respect to the central region of the radiating element, the first and second emission / reception modules respectively exciting a first pair of excitation points arranged in a first direction of the radiating element and a second pair of excitation points arranged in a second direction. direction of the radiating element, the first and second direction being orthogonal to each other.
    To operate with high powers, the invention uses two transmission / reception modules coupled to two polarization access ports, in quadrature from each other, of the same plane radiating element, each of the modules operating at a power level. nominal compatible with the maximum power acceptable by the technology used to manufacture it.
    In transmission, the recombination in the space of the pair of elementary waves emitted by the radiating element, each elementary wave being excited independently of each other by each of the transmission / reception modules, leads to a wave total whose power is twice as large (+3 dB) as the power of each elemental wave.
    In reception, the total incident wave is decomposed into two elementary waves transmitted to each of the transmission / reception modules. An elemental wave has a power that is two times lower (-3 dB) than the power of the total incident wave.
    According to particular embodiments, the transmission / reception device comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination: the first and second transmission / reception modules are made in MMIC technology. the first and second transmission / reception modules are made on the same substrate. the first and second transmission / reception modules are coupled to the transmission / reception means so that the transmitting / receiving means constitutes, for each of the first and second transmission / reception modules, a charge of the same impedance. the transmitting / receiving means is a "patch" antenna, the radiating element being constituted by a layer of conductive material, each of the first and second transmitting / receiving modules being coupled to the transmitting / receiving means by a pair of supply lines, a free end of each line being coupled to an excitation point of the radiating element. a distance between two excitation points of a pair of excitation points of the radiating element is adapted as a function of the impedance sought for the load constituted by the transmission / reception means for the first and second modules of transmission / reception. the first and second transmission / reception modules respectively comprise a controlled switch allowing an alternation of the mode of operation of the module that it equips in transmission and reception, a common control signal being applied to the controlled switches of the first and second modules of transmission / reception. the device further comprises means for adjusting a relative phase between first and second excitation signals applied by the first and second modules on the transmitting / receiving means. each of the first and second modules comprises a phase shift means, a common phase shift signal being applied to the phase shift means of the first and second transmission / reception modules. The invention also relates to an antenna comprising a plurality of transmitting / receiving devices, each transmitting / receiving device being in accordance with the device presented above. The invention and its advantages will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of non-limiting example, this description being made with reference to the appended drawing, which represents schematically a transmission / reception device according to the invention.
    The attached figure shows schematically a transmission / reception device 10, which comprises a transmission / reception means 12 and an electronic circuit 13, integrating a first transmission / reception module 14 and a second transmission / reception module 16 The first and second modules 14 and 16 are respectively connected to the transmission / reception means 12 by a pair of supply lines, 31, 32 and 33, 34 respectively.
    The transmitting / receiving means 12, shown schematically in plan view in the figure, is known as the "patch" antenna. It comprises a substantially plane radiating element 22 disposed above a ground plane layer, a gap being provided between the radiating element and the ground plane layer. This gap is for example made of an insulating material or a dielectric material. Preferably, the radiating element 22 is a plate made of a conductive material. For example, it has a square shape. In a variant, the radiating element 22 comprises, in addition to an excitation plate, other metal plates which are superimposed on the excitation plate. Whatever the geometry of the radiating element 22 (square, disk, etc.), it is possible to define a central point C.
    The plane of the radiating element 22 is defined by two directions D1 and D2, orthogonal to one another: the first direction D1 connects the media of two opposite sides of the square formed by the radiating element 22; the second direction D2 connects the middle of the other two opposite sides of the square formed by the radiating element 22.
    In general, the excitation of the radiating element is effected by coupling with the end of a supply line.
    This coupling is for example achieved by electrically connecting the end of the supply line to a point of excitation of the radiating element. For example, at the end of the supply line, the excitation current flows towards the radiating element, through the insulating material placed between the radiating element and the ground plane layer, for example by means of a metallized via for connecting the end of the conductive power supply line to a pin located at the rear of the radiating element, to the right of the point to be excited.
    Alternatively, this coupling is performed by a slot in the ground plane layer. The end of the feed line is arranged to overlap this slot from below, the radiating element being located above the ground plane layer. The excitation point of the radiating element is then located substantially vis-à-vis the center of the slot. In the attached figure, it is such a coupling that is implemented, the slots in the ground plane layer being schematically represented by dotted lines. Other coupling variants allowing the excitation of a planar antenna are known: thus the excitation can be carried out on the plane of the plane radiating element, or "patch", by attacking it directly by a printed line microstrip or "microstrip", connected to the edge of the "patch"; Again, the excitation can be accomplished by proximity coupling to a "microstrip" line printed at a level between the "patch" and the ground plane layer.
    The first and second transmission / reception modules 14 and 16 are identical to each other. They are arranged between, on the one hand, a microwave signal generation electronics and an acquisition electronics, remote (not shown in the figure), and, on the other hand, the transmission / reception means 12. downstream, that is to say on the side of the transmitting / receiving means, each module is connected directly to the transmission / reception means 12 by a pair of power supply lines and is therefore clean, in transmission, to be applied a differential excitation signal and, in reception, to acquire a differential reception signal. A transmitting / receiving module already operating on differential signals, the fact of connecting it to a load in a differential manner avoids having to interpose a component, such as a balun (for balanced unbalanced transformer) to pass a differential signal to a common mode signal. However, such an intermediate component degrades the power output. The power output of the device 10 is improved.
    The first module 14 is thus coupled to the transmission / reception means 12 via the supply lines 31 and 32, the free ends of which are respectively coupled to two excitation points P1 and P2 of the radiating element 22. The points P1 and P2 are arranged along the first direction D1, symmetrically on either side of the central point C of the radiating element 22.
    Similarly, the second transmission / reception module 16 is coupled to the transmission / reception means 12 by the supply lines 33 and 34, the free ends of which are respectively coupled to two excitation points P3 and P4 of the radiating element 22. The points P3 and P4 are arranged along the second direction D2, symmetrically on either side of the central point C.
    The distance between two excitation points P1 and P2 or P3 and P4 is chosen so as to adjust the impedance of the load constituted by the transmission / reception means 12 connected to the terminals of the corresponding transmission / reception module, 14 or 16. Advantageously, the distance between the excitation points P1 and P2 and that between the points P3 and P4 is identical so that the two modules are connected to a load of the same impedance. This distance is preferably chosen so that the impedance of the transmitting / receiving means 12 is equal to 50 Ohms. The possibility of choosing the impedance implies that it is not necessary to add to the device 10 a component for adapting, by impedance transformation, the impedance between the transmission / reception modules 14 and 16, of one hand, and the transmitting / receiving means 12, on the other hand. This contributes to the improvement of the power output of the device 10, all of the power output of a transmitting / receiving module being applied to the transmitting / receiving means.
    A transmission / reception module 14, and 16, comprises various conventional functions, known to those skilled in the art.
    A transmission / reception module thus comprises a transmission channel 110 and a reception channel 120.
    In transmission, an excitation signal SE applied by the generating electronics of a microwave signal at the input of the circuit 13 is divided by a splitter 210 into a first excitation signal applied at the input of the transmission channel. 110 of the first module 14 and a second excitation signal applied at the input of the transmission channel 110 of the second module 16. The first and second excitation signals are identical to each other, possibly at a relative phase Θ near.
    The transmission channel 110 comprises means for amplifying the excitation signal SE, in particular a preamplifier 114 and a high-power amplifier 116 in the radar and electronic warfare applications.
    The first and second excitation signals are respectively transmitted to the transmitting / receiving means 12.
    In reception, first and second reception signals, identical to each other, possibly at a relative phase Θ, are applied by the transmission / reception means 12 at the input of the reception channel 120 of the first and second transmission modules 14 and 16, respectively.
    The receiving path 120 includes protection means, such as a limiter 118, and amplifier means, such as a low noise amplifier 119.
    The first and second amplified reception signals are summed by an adder 220 of the circuit 13, before the resulting reception signal is transmitted to the remote acquisition electronics.
    The first module 14 comprises a controlled switch 124 by a control signal Sc so as to switch the first module 14 either in a transmission mode of operation, by connecting the transmission channel 110 to the supply lines 31 and 32, or in reception mode, by connecting the reception channel 120 to the supply lines 31 and 32.
    The second module 16 comprises a controlled switch 126 by a control signal Sc so as to switch the second module 16 either in a transmission mode of operation, by connecting the transmission channel 110 to the supply lines 33 and 34, or in reception mode, by connecting the reception channel 120 to the supply lines 33 and 34.
    The control signal Sc applied to the controlled switch 124 of the first module 14 is also the control signal Sc applied to the controlled switch 126 of the second module 16, so that the first and second modules are synchronized in their mode. Operating.
    If the device 10 is intended to be integrated in an active antenna, in which the wave emitted by a radiating element is out of phase with the waves emitted by the neighboring radiating elements, so as to orient the wave plane and detune the antenna, each transmission / reception module includes a phase shift means controlled by a phase shift signal S <p. Thus, the first module 14 includes a first phase shift means 134 and the second module 16 comprises a second phase shift means 136. Each phase shift means comprises for example an attenuator 131 and a phase shifter 132.
    In the device according to the invention, the phase-shifting means 134 and 136 of the first and second modules 12 and 16 are controlled by the same phase shift signal S <p, so that the first and second modules 14 and 16 operate at the same time. each moment by introducing the same phase shift either on the excitation signals SE of the radiating element 22 or on the reception signals SR coming from the radiating element 22.
    Advantageously, the transmission / reception device 10 comprises an adjustment means 140 for introducing a relative phase Θ between the first and second excitation signals respectively applied at the input of the transmission channel 110 of each of the modules. As a result, the elementary waves respectively excited by the first and second modules 14 and 16 will be out of phase with each other. By recombination in the air of this pair of elementary waves, it is then possible to generate a total wave polarized in a vertical direction V, when a relative phase of 0 ° is applied between the first and second excitation signals ; in a horizontal direction H, when a relative phase of 180 ° is applied; left circular polarization, when a relative phase of + 90 ° is applied; and a right circular polarization, when the relative phase is -90 °. The adjustment means 140 adjusts the value of the relative phase Θ to be introduced as a function of an adjustment signal received from the remote electronics.
    The control signals Sc, phase shift S <p and adjustment Se are emitted by the remote electronics and applied to input terminals of the circuit 13.
    The first and second transmitting / receiving modules 14 and 16 are made in MMIC technology. Preferably, SiGe technology is used, but GaAn technology could be used as well. Advantageously, as illustrated in the figure, the first and second transmission / reception modules 14 and 16 are formed on the same substrate so as to constitute a single circuit 13. This variant has a small footprint facilitating the integration of the circuit 13 to the rear of the transmitting / receiving means 12. Those skilled in the art will find that the present transmitting / receiving device has many advantages.
    The fact of exciting the radiating element by two excitation signals applied to pairs of excitation points located in quadrature with each other makes it possible to symmetrize the antenna transmission / reception diagram.
    As indicated above, the power of the emitted or received electromagnetic waves may be greater than the nominal power of operation of each module, both in transmission and in reception. The power emitted is twice as large as the nominal power. This is particularly advantageous when the nominal power is close to the maximum power allowed by the technology implemented for the realization of the transmission / reception modules. Although at each transmission / reception module, the power remains below the maximum power, the device can emit waves at a higher power.
    In reception, the fact of distributing the power of the incident wave between the two transmission / reception modules allows the device to be more robust with respect to external attacks, such as an illumination of the antenna by a device performing intentional or unintentional interference.
    With antennas of the state of the art, it is also possible to transmit a polarized total wave. Only this total wave is produced by the combination of two elementary waves in linear polarization emitted in orthogonal directions by two neighboring radiating elements. A polarization select switch is interposed between the transmit / receive module and the radiator to select the direction in which the relevant element is to be excited. The polarization selection switches of two neighboring transmission / reception means are suitably controlled so that the two elementary waves combine to obtain a total wave having the desired polarization. On the contrary, in the present invention, each radiating element is able to individually generate a polarized total wave. The place of emission of the polarized total wave coincides with the central point C of the radiating element. In addition, the fact of avoiding the use of an additional component such as a polarization selection switch further improves the efficiency of the device according to the invention.
    As indicated above, the power output of the device according to the invention is optimized, in particular by the possibility of directly connecting the transmission / reception modules to the transmitting / receiving means. The losses are therefore reduced.
    Consequently, for a Radar, the range of it is improved for the following two reasons: - possibility of emitting twice as much power, as seen previously - better performance on transmission and on reception.
    In addition, because of reduced losses, the antenna heating is reduced.
    Such a device can be used alone or in combination with other identical devices in an antenna.
    The device being particularly compact, it can be integrated into a network antenna, preferably electronic scanning, for example used for embedded radar applications or for ground-based electronic warfare applications. It is then adapted to operate in the microwave range, between 3 and 30 GHz, and with a high power,
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1, - Transmitting / receiving device (10), characterized in that it associates first and second transmission / reception modules (14, 16) with a transmission / reception means (12) comprising a radiating element (22) substantially plane and having a central point (C), each transmission / reception module being a transmission / reception module coupled to the transmission / reception means so as to excite a pair of excitation points (P1 , P2; P3, P4) of the radiating element, the excitation points of a pair being arranged symmetrically with respect to the central point of the radiating element, the first and second transmitting / receiving modules respectively exciting a first pair of excitation points arranged in a first direction (D1) of the radiating element and a second pair of excitation points arranged in a second direction (D2) of the radiating element, the first and second directions being orthogonal between them.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2, - transmitting / receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16) are made in MMIC technology.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3, - transmitting / receiving device according to claim 2, wherein the first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16) are formed on the same substrate.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4, - transmitting / receiving device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16) are coupled to the transmitting / receiving means (12) of so that the transmission / reception means constitutes, for each of the first and second transmission / reception modules, a load of the same impedance.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5, - transmitting / receiving device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transmitting / receiving means (12) is a "patch" antenna, the radiating element (22) consisting of a a layer of a conductive material, each of the first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16) being coupled to the transmitting / receiving means by a pair of power supply lines (31, 32; 33, 34); free end of each line being coupled to an excitation point of the radiating element.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    A transmitting / receiving device according to claim 4 and claim 5, wherein a distance between two excitation points of a pair of excitation points of the radiating element (22) is adapted as a function of the impedance sought for the load constituted by the transmission / reception means (12) for the first and second transmission / reception modules (14, 16).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. - Transmitting / receiving device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16) respectively comprise a controlled switch (124, 126) for alternating the mode of operation of the module that it equips in transmission and reception, a common control signal (Sc) being applied to the controlled switches of the first and second transmission / reception modules (14, 16).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. - Transmitting / receiving device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising means for adjusting (140) a relative phase (Θ) between first and second excitation signals applied by the first and second modules on the transmitting / receiving means (12).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. - transmission / reception device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each of the first and second modules (14, 16) comprises a phase shift means (134, 136), a phase shift signal (S ,,) being applied to the phase shift means of the first and second transmitting / receiving modules (14, 16).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Antenna comprising a plurality of transmitting / receiving device, characterized in that each transmitting / receiving device is in accordance with a transmitting / receiving device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3329550B1|2021-08-04|
    US20180145413A1|2018-05-24|
    ES2890873T3|2022-01-24|
    US10454175B2|2019-10-22|
    WO2017021307A1|2017-02-09|
    FR3039726B1|2018-06-29|
    EP3329550A1|2018-06-06|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2016-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-02-03| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170203 |
    2017-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-07-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1501644A|FR3039726B1|2015-07-31|2015-07-31|TRANSMITTING / RECEIVING DEVICE AND ANTENNA THEREFOR|
    FR1501644|2015-07-31|FR1501644A| FR3039726B1|2015-07-31|2015-07-31|TRANSMITTING / RECEIVING DEVICE AND ANTENNA THEREFOR|
    EP16744792.9A| EP3329550B1|2015-07-31|2016-07-29|Transceiver device and associated antenna|
    PCT/EP2016/068177| WO2017021307A1|2015-07-31|2016-07-29|Transceiver device and associated antenna|
    ES16744792T| ES2890873T3|2015-07-31|2016-07-29|Emitting/receiving device and associated antenna|
    US15/876,667| US10454175B2|2015-07-31|2018-01-22|Transceiver device and associated antenna|
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